Tuesday, 20 April 2021
Thursday, 15 April 2021
How to calculate cost of installation of solar PV system
Design of standalone (off-grid ) Solar PV Panel with battery storage for one day of autonomy
1. Calculation of the total load of electrical appliances in use and calculation of power consumption in one day.
| Appliances | Rating | Quantity | Hour used per day | Watt Hour per day |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light bulb | 3 watts | 3 | 2 | 18 |
| Light bulb | 9 watts | 4 | 5 | 180 |
| Light bulb | 10 watts | 3 | 5 | 150 |
| Light bulb | 40 watts | 1 | 1 | 40 |
| Fan | 75 watts | 5 | 5 | 1875 |
| Television | 75 watts | 1 | 6 | 450 |
| Washing machine | 500 watts | 1 | 0.5 | 250 |
| Refrigerator | 300 watts | 1 | 24 | 7200 |
| Iron press | 500 watts | 1 | 0.5 | 250 |
| Gyser | 2000 watts | 1 | 0.5 | 1000 |
| Microwave oven | 2000 watts | 1 | 0.1 | 200 |
| Mixer gringer | 400 watts | 1 | 0.5 | 200 |
| Heater blower | 1000 watts | 1 | 1 | 1000 |
| Exhaust | 150 watts | 1 | 1 | 150 |
| Total | 7415 watts | 12963 |
2. Calculation of the number of solar PV panels required for power consumption.
First, we need the specifications of the PV module, Battery,
and Inverter :
SPECIFICATIONS
| SPECIFICATIONS | ||
|---|---|---|
| Solar PV Module | Rated Power | 150 W |
| Efficiency | 75% | |
| Combined Efficiency | 81% | |
| Battery | Capacity | 150 Ah |
| Voltage | 12 V | |
| Efficiency | 80% | |
| Inverter | Rating | Available in: |
| 100VA, 200VA, 1000 VA, 1500 VA, 2000 VA, 4000VA | ||
Solar PV sizing
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑊ℎ 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 ∗ 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 $= 12963 𝑊ℎ $
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙 = 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∗ 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
$= 150 𝑊 ∗ 0.75 = 112.5 𝑊$
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
$= 112.5 ∗ 0.81 = 91.125 𝑊 $
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 150 𝑊 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑦 = 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑠𝑒 $∗ 10ℎ/𝑑𝑎𝑦 = 911.25 𝑊ℎ$
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑊ℎ 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙
$= \frac{12963}{911.25}$ $= 14.225 ≈ 15$
It is recommended to install 15 PV modules
3. Calculation of number of battery storage required for one day of autonomy
$Battery\:Capacity(Ah)=\frac{(\frac{Total\:Wh}{day} )\times{Days\:of\:autonomy}}{(battery\:combined\:efficency)\times(battery\:voltage)}\\\:\quad\:\quad\:\quad\:\quad\:\quad\:\quad=\frac{12963\times1}{0.8\times0.9\times12}=1500.34\:Ah\\Number\:of\:batteries\:required=\frac{Battery\:capacity}{Battery\:rating}=\frac{1500.34}{150}=10$
It is recommended to install 10 numbers of 150 Ah batteries.
Battery rating can be more or less.
4. Calculation the number of inverters.
Inverter sizing
$Inverter\:rating(W\:or\:VA)=Total\:connected\:load\:to\:PV\:panal\:system=7415\:W\\ No.\:of\:Inverters=\frac{Total\:connected\:load\:to\:PV\:panal}{Inverter rating}=\frac{7415}{4000}=1.853\thickapprox2$
It is recommended to install two 4000 VA rating inverters.
5. Calculation of total cost.
Total Cost
$Cost\:of\:arrays=No.\:of\:PV\:module\times cost\:per\:module=15\times 6000=90000\\ Cost\:of\:batteries=No.\:of\:batteries\times cost\:per\:battery=10\times 15000=150000\\ Cost\:of\:Inverters=No.\:of\:inverters\times cost\:per\:inverter=2\times 18000=36000\\ Total\:cost\:of\:system=cost\:of\:arrays+cost\:of\:batteries+cost\:of\:inverters=90000+150000+36000=276000\\ 5\% \:additional\:cost\:of\:wiring=\frac{5}{100}\times 276000=13800\\ The\:final\:cost\:of\:the\:system=276000+13800=289800$
The total cost of the system is Rs 2,89,800.
Sunday, 11 April 2021
Sustainable Energy
What is Sustainable Energy?
Sustainable energy is a type of energy that fulfills our present need for energy without placing them at risk of getting terminated or drained and can be utilized again and again in the future. Sustainable energy ought to be generally energized as it doesn't make any damage to the climate and is accessible broadly liberated from cost. All environmentally friendly power sources like sun-oriented, wind, geothermal, hydropower, and sea energy are manageable as they are steady and accessible in bounty.
Sun will keep on giving daylight till we as a whole are here on earth, heat brought about by the sun will keep on delivering winds, the earth will keep on creating heat from inside and won't chill off at any point in the near future, development of the earth, sun, and the moon won't stop, and this will continue delivering tides.
The cycle of dissipation will make water vanish that will tumble down as downpour or ice which will go through waterways or streams and converge in the seas and can be utilized to create energy through hydropower. This unmistakably expresses that every one of these environmentally friendly power sources is manageable and will keep on giving energy to the coming ages.
There are numerous types of practical fuel sources that can be fused by nations to stop the utilization of petroleum derivatives. Sustainable energy does exclude any sources that are gotten from petroleum derivatives or byproducts. This energy is replenishable and assists us with lessening ozone-depleting substance emanations and makes no harm to the climate. On the off chance that we will utilize non-renewable energy sources at a consistent rate, they will lapse soon and cause antagonistic consequences for our planet.
Petroleum products are not considered Sustainable fuel sources since they are restricted, cause colossal contamination by delivering hurtful gases, and are not accessible wherever on earth. Petroleum products regularly incorporate coal, oil, and flammable gas. Steps should be taken to diminish our reliance on petroleum derivatives as a posture risky to the climate. The majority of the provinces have effectively begun finding a way ways to utilize elective fuel sources.
As of today, around 20% of the world's energy needs come from environmentally friendly power sources. Hydropower is the most widely recognized type of elective energy utilized all throughout the planet.
Need For Sustainable Energy
During antiquated occasions, wood, lumber, and byproducts were the solitary significant fuel sources. So, biomass was the best way to get energy. At the point when more innovation was created, petroleum products like coal, oil, and flammable gas were found. Petroleum products demonstrated a help to humankind as they were generally accessible and could be outfit without any problem.
At the point when these petroleum derivatives were begun utilizing broadly by every one of the nations across the globe, they prompted the corruption of the climate. Coal and oil are two of the significant sources that produce a lot of carbon dioxide noticeable all around. This prompted an expansion in an Earth-wide temperature boost.
Likewise, barely any nations have hung on these important items, which prompted the ascent in the costs of these fills. Presently, rising costs, expanding air contamination, and the danger of getting lapsed before long constrained researchers to pay special mind to some other option or environmentally friendly power sources.
The need of great importance was to search for assets that are accessible generally, cause no contamination, and are replenishable. Sustainable Energy, around then, came into the image as it could fulfill our present expanding need for energy and furthermore give us a choice to utilize them later on moreover. We should see the advantages-
1. Fight Against Climate Change
Renewables produce nearly nothing or don't discharge ozone-depleting substances in energy age measures, making them the cleanest, most feasible answer for forestall natural corruption. Worldwide expansions in petroleum derivative-based street transport, modern movement, and force age add to raised degrees of air contamination. Environmentally friendly power emanates no or low air poisons. That is better for our well-being.
2. Inexhaustible Source of Energy
Environmentally friendly power is energy gotten from regular assets that renew themselves throughout some stretch of time without draining the Earth's assets. These assets likewise have the advantage of being bountiful, accessible in some limits almost all over, and they cause close to nothing, assuming any, ecological harm.
Energy from the sun, wind, and nuclear power put away in the Earth's hull are models. This makes them a fundamental component in a sustainable energy framework that permits advancement today without taking a chance with that of people in the future.
3. Reduces Energy Dependence on Fossil Fuels
Environmentally friendly power is energy gotten from regular assets that renew themselves throughout some stretch of time without draining the Earth's assets. These assets likewise have the advantage of being bountiful, accessible in some limits almost all over, and they cause close to nothing, assuming any, ecological harm.
Energy from the sun, wind, and nuclear power put away in the Earth's hull are models. This makes them a fundamental component in a sustainable energy framework that permits advancement today without taking a chance with that of people in the future.
Developing energy markets and international vulnerability have moved energy security and energy foundation versatility to the bleeding edge of numerous public energy procedures.
The naive idea of clean sources gives nearby economies a benefit and carries importance to the expression "energy autonomy". Reliance on petroleum derivative imports brings about subjection to the financial and political transient objectives of the provider country, which can bargain the security of energy supply.
Wherever on the planet, there is an inexhaustible asset whether that is the breeze, sun, water, or natural material accessible for delivering energy reasonably.
4. Increasingly Competitive
Developing energy markets and international vulnerability have moved energy security and energy foundation versatility to the bleeding edge of numerous public energy procedures.
The naive idea of clean sources gives nearby economies a benefit and carries importance to the expression "energy autonomy". Reliance on petroleum derivative imports brings about subjection to the financial and political transient objectives of the provider country, which can bargain the security of energy supply.
Wherever on the planet, there is an inexhaustible asset whether that is the breeze, sun, water, or natural material accessible for delivering energy reasonably.
Renewables are currently the most expensive serious wellspring of force in numerous pieces of the world, and inexhaustible force represented the greater part of all limit increases in the worldwide force area since the most recent decade. Activities on these fronts are well in progress, as featured by the declarations included.
The principle inexhaustible innovations, for example, wind and sun based photovoltaic, are definitely lessening their expenses and are completely serious with customary sources in a developing number of areas. Economies of scale and advancement are as of now bringing about sustainable power sources turning into the most sustainable arrangement naturally yet in addition financially as far as low expenses at keeping energy costs at moderate levels.
5. A Favorable Political Horizon
Decisions adopted at COP21 are for sustainable power sources. The worldwide local area has perceived its commitment to solidify the progress towards a low-carbon economy to ensure a sustainable future for the planet. The global agreement for the "de-carbonization" of the economy establishes an entirely ideal system for the advancement of clean energy advances.
6. Creates Jobs Developing Local Community
The biggest piece of environmentally friendly power speculations is spent on materials and workmanship to fabricate and keep up the offices, instead of on exorbitant energy imports. Environmentally friendly power speculations are generally spent inside the mainland, habitually in a similar country, and frequently in a similar town. This implies the cash residents cover on their energy bills remains at home to make occupations and fuel the nearby economy.
Tuesday, 9 March 2021
The basic principle for working of solar cooker
Most solar cookers work on the basic principle: Sunlight warms pots and/or food, which is used for cooking. A solar cooker lets the UV light rays in and then converts them to longer infrared light rays that cannot escape. Infrared radiation has the right energy to make the water, fat, and protein molecules in food vibrate vigorously and heat up. It is not the sun’s heat that cooks the food, nor is it the outside ambient temperature, though this can somewhat affect the rate or time required to cook, but rather it is the sun’s rays that are converted to heat energy that cooks the food, and this heat energy is then retained by the pot and the food by the means of a covering or lid. This occurs in much the same way that a greenhouse retains heat or a car with its windows rolled up. An effective solar cooker will use the energy of the sun to heat a cooking vessel and efficiently retain the energy (heat) for maximum cooking effectiveness.
Friday, 5 March 2021
Design Consideration of Micro Hydro Power Plant
Micro-hydroelectric power is both an efficient and reliable form of a clean source of renewable energy. It can be an excellent method of harnessing renewable energy from small rivers and streams because it requires very little or no reservoir to run the turbine. The water will run through the turbine and goes back to the river or stream, and can use for other purposes. The Micro-hydroelectric power plant has minimal environmental on the local ecosystem. The power generation of MHP is between 5-100 kW. To Design an MHP, there are many considerations to be taken into account:
